Last Updated on December 3, 2024 by Arnav Sharma
Protecting private information is critical in the digital terrain of today, particularly with regard to government data processing. The Australian Government created the Information Security Manual (ISM), a framework delineating security needs for handling information security hazards, to handle this. The Security Classification System of this architecture, which arranges data based on sensitivity and the impact of illegal disclosure, is fundamental.
This blog will explore the ISM’s four security classification levels and how they inform the security measures required for different data types.
UNCLASSIFIED: Minimal Sensitivity
Definition: The UNCLASSIFIED level applies to data that would cause no harm if disclosed or compromised. This includes non-sensitive information that doesn’t require high-level protection and is often accessible by the public.
Examples of UNCLASSIFIED Data:
- Public press releases
- Basic government contact information
- Open-source research
Security Requirements: While the UNCLASSIFIED level has little security needs, simple steps are advised to stop illegal access or modification.
PROTECTED: Sensitive Data Requiring Caution
Definition: The PROTECTED level covers sensitive data where unauthorized access could result in limited damage to individuals, government functions, or the nation. Government employees and contractors handling PROTECTED data must implement stronger security controls.
Examples of PROTECTED Data:
- Personally identifiable information (PII)
- Sensitive internal government communications
- Certain commercial and financial records
Security Requirements: PROTECTED data demands enhanced access controls, auditing, and encryption standards. Many cloud providers, including Microsoft Azure, offer services like Azure Virtual Desktop (AVD), certified under frameworks such as the Infosec Registered Assessors Program (IRAP) to meet these requirements.
SECRET: High Sensitivity with Significant Impact
Definition: SECRET classification is reserved for data that could cause serious damage to the national interest if compromised. The SECRET level is used by departments and agencies dealing with information that requires high assurance and restricted access.
Examples of SECRET Data:
- Sensitive defense plans or military strategies
- Key national infrastructure and security-related data
- Intelligence and counter-terrorism reports
Security Requirements: At the SECRET level, data must be stored in high-security facilities with robust encryption, advanced access control, and monitoring mechanisms. Staff with clearance to handle SECRET data undergo regular security vetting and training.
TOP SECRET: Maximum Sensitivity and Exceptional Damage
Definition: The TOP SECRET level is the highest classification, applied to information that could cause exceptionally grave damage to the nation if disclosed. Only a select few government officials or entities have clearance for this data due to the extreme level of sensitivity.
Examples of TOP SECRET Data:
- Detailed counter-terrorism and national security plans
- Critical intelligence data about international threats
- High-level diplomatic communications
Security Requirements: Data at the TOP SECRET level requires the most stringent security protocols, including secure facilities, multi-factor authentication, rigorous auditing, and monitoring for any unauthorized access attempts. Personnel handling TOP SECRET information must undergo strict security clearance and specialized training.
How Organizations Comply with ISM Security Classifications
To protect sensitive state data, organizations adopt best practices and technologies that align with these ISM security classifications. For example, cloud providers like Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services (AWS) undergo IRAP assessments to achieve compliance for storing and processing PROTECTED data, allowing Australian government agencies to leverage cloud resources safely.